The "hotspot" phenomenon is a result of 5G and 6G beamforming technology. By focusing the electromagnetic radiation on a specific area, a localized region of increased fields appear, up to 3 times as much as the background. This phenomenon is central to my work and requires extensive computer simulations, taking into account the full propagation environment.

I use a combination of tools to perform the computer simulations. First, ray-tracing to map out how the fields propagate from the base station to the user. I sometimes substitute this with other methods to accelerate it. Then, a hybridization step and final FDTD step. Here, the fields are exactly computed inside the body with sub-mm level accuracy. I use tools like Sim4Life for this, accelerating them on High-Performance Clusters (HPCs).